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He also served as the first "exchange professor" at Harvard University in 19. Ostwald remained on the faculty at Leipzig University until his retirement in 1906. In 1887, he moved to Leipzig University where he became Professor of Physical Chemistry. In 1881, Ostwald became a Professor of Chemistry at the Riga Polytechnicum (now Riga Technical University). In 1879, he became a paid assistant to Carl Schmidt. His doctoral thesis was entitled Volumchemische und Optisch-Chemische Studien ("Volumetric and Optical-Chemical Studies"). Ostwald published his doctoral dissertation at the University of Dorpat in 1878, with Carl Schmidt as his thesis advisor. Ostwald completed his Magisterial degree at the University of Dorpat in 1877, enabling him to give lectures and charge for teaching. Ostwald also investigated mass action, electrochemistry, and chemical dynamics. As part of his early work, Ostwald developed a three-dimensional affinity table that took into account the effects of temperature as well as the affinity constants of acids and bases. This was the central theoretical question facing chemists at the time. Ostwald was deeply interested in questions of chemical affinity and the reactions that formed chemical compounds. He also supported himself for a time by teaching mathematics and science at a Dorpat high school. Īround 1877, still continuing his work as an unpaid investigator in the Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Dorpat, Ostwald became a paid assistant in the Physics Institute, after Oettingen's assistant moved to Riga. In addition to his work in Carl Schmidt's laboratory, Ostwald also studied in the university's physics institute with Arthur von Oettingen. These endeavors formed part of the subjects of Ostwald's later research efforts. Lemberg also taught Ostwald the chemical basis of many geologic phenomena. Lemberg taught Ostwald many of the basics of the analysis of inorganic compounds and measurements of equilibria and chemical reaction rates. He worked in the laboratory of Carl Schmidt, along with his contemporary Johann Lemberg. Ostwald began his career as an independent unpaid investigator at the University of Dorpat in 1875. During his time at Dorpat, Ostwald had significant exposure to the humanities, the arts, and philosophy, which became a focus of his endeavors after his 1906 retirement from academia. He completed his Kandidatenschrift examinations there in 1875. Ostwald entered the University of Dorpat (now the University of Tartu) in 1872. Ostwald developed an interest in science as a child and conducted experiments at his home, particularly related to fireworks and photography. He was the middle child of three, born after Eugen (1851–1932) and before Gottfried (1855–1918).
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Ostwald was born ethnically Baltic German in Riga, Russian Empire to master-cooper Gottfried Wilhelm Ostwald (1824–1903) and Elisabeth Leuckel (1824–1903).
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Ostwald has been described as a polymath. He made significant contributions to each of these fields. įollowing his 1906 retirement from academic life, Ostwald became much involved in philosophy, art, and politics. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his scientific contributions to the fields of catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. Ostwald is credited with being one of the founders of the field of physical chemistry, with Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Walther Nernst, and Svante Arrhenius. With the given density, the viscosity was determined by using the Ostwald viscometer.Großbothen, Amtshauptmannschaft Grimma, Saxony, Weimar Republicįriedrich Wilhelm Ostwald ( German pronunciation: ( listen) 2 September 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist and philosopher. The density of which were determined using westphal balance and the Viscosity was computed.Ĭoncertation and Viscosity A 100mL solution of 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, and 1% sucrose was prepared and the density of which were determined using a westphal balance. The same method was applied for other pure liquid samples. This was repeated 3 times and the average time was computed. A timer was set as the meniscus passed the upper graduation mark until it passed through the lower mark. The liquid level I the viscometer was brought above the upper graduation mark and the liquid was allowed to flow down the capillary. 10mL of distilled water was pipetted into the viscometer and waited until it reach a thermal temperature. The viscometer was vertically clamped in a thermostated bath. Determination of Viscosity using Ostwald Viscometer The viscometer was cleaned beforehand by washing it with ethanol.